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In my opinion, continental drifting definitely occurred. I believe there is plenty of evidence proving that, evidence that anyone could see just by looking at a map. Almost everyone who has looked at a world map or globe has noticed that the continents of South America and Africa seem to fit together fairly well. An even better fit is seen if continental margins (the underwater edge of the continent) are used. Other "fits" like this can be assembled as well, such as the way the coastal outl
Nitrate Contamination of Groundwater Poses a Serious Health Threat Nitrates contamination of the world's underground water supply poses as a potentially serious health hazard to the human inhabitants on earth. High nitrate levels found in well water has been proven to be the cause for numerous health conditions across the globe. If we intend to provide for the future survival of man, and life on planet earth, we must take action now to assure the quality of one of our most precious
Platinum The word platinum comes from the Latin term platina, which means silver. Platinum is a soft metallic element that is rarely found naturally pure. It often bonds with iron, silver, gold, copper or nickel. In some cases deposits of platinum with small impurities of iron have been found to be magnetic. Platinum has a hardness of 4 - 4.5 on the mohs scale of hardness, and is very malleable. Platinum streaks steel gray and is very dense with a specific gravity of 21.4 . It naturally fo
Your have sudden fever, weakness, muscle pains, headache, and a sore throat, and that is just what's happening to you before the really bad symptoms of this virus kicks in. These are followed by vomiting, diarrhea, and rash, and that are just some of the bad symptoms of this horrible virus know as the Ebola virus. One of the worst virus that can be contracted is this terrible virus that rips up your insides. This the first time the Ebola virus was identified was in 1976. This was discovered w
Australian Sea Dumping The dumping of material in the world's oceans has a long history. Objects are dumped into the ocean in a variety of ways. Sea dumping, as defined in Australian legislation, is the discarding of material into the sea from a land source or operational discharges from ships. Sea dumping of wastes has been common practice in the waters surrounding Australia, from first European settlement until a couple of decades ago. For the past sixty years sea dumping has been regu
A very massive group of levees may be all that is in the way of lower lying New Orleans and destruction with a visit from Hurricane Georges. Without the levee system and concrete flood walls Georges could have catastrophic effects in New Orleans. But with this man-made hurricane protection system protecting the city people. New Orleans is spared the casualties and damage past storms have wrought. The levee system is important because the city is like a saucer 6 feet below sea level and is
Studies made in the Earth's temperature, reveal that the temperature is getting warmer. Industrialized countries and environmentalists say that it is time to limit emissions of greenhouse gases. The average global temperature has risen about one degree Fahrenheit since the turn of the century. A small rise could wreak destruction throughout the world. [ CQ Researcher, Global Warming Update. 291] The greenhouse effect can be explained by scientists of NASA in this way: A: Sunligh
What is the first thing that comes to your mind when you hear petroleum? It's probably a big factory or cars or maybe a type of fuel. But petroleum is not only a source of energy but also many products we find in the store. Things from drip- dry fabrics to engine greases to cosmetics. There are thousands of different products from petroleum, but the main use of petroleum is fuel. Petroleum is the most valuable natural resource in the world. I support this opinion with facts such as... f
Many kinds of volcanic activity can endanger the lives of the people surrounding it or living near it. Mount Shasta, although very beautiful, has a temper and a history to validate it. Mount Shasta is a compound "stratovolcano" or "stratocone" that is made up of four overlapping volcanic cones. These cones were all built on a piece of an older stratacone that was destroyed about 300,000 years ago by a landslide. Mount Shasta is located in Siskiyou, California in the Cascade Range. Mount Sha
Mount St. Helens stands on eroded remains of an earlier volcano active between 2,500 and 40,000 years ago. The upper part of the cone was built around 400 years ago. Mount St. Helens is composed of lava flows and fragmented material consisting of debris. A cross-section would show alternating layers of lava, ash, and rock debris. Lava Caves form when a crust develops on the surface of fresh streams of lava. When the lava flow stops the molten drains away leaving hollow caves. Many faces i
I Want to be a Paleontologist Contrary to popular belief, paleontology is more than just dinosaurs. Paleontology is the study of the history of life on Earth, as reflected in fossil records. There are many subdivisions of the field of paleontology, including vertebrate paleontology, invertebrate paleontology, micropaleontology, paleobotany, taphonomy, biosrtatigraphy, and paleoecology. Paleontologists are also frequently involved in studies about evolutionary biology. Preparation for becomi
Three Branches of Science Andrew Rambo Ms. Gardener 10th Grade Biology September 11, 2000 Science is such a wide area that it is divided into branches. Biology, chemistry and geology are three of these branches. Each branch of science are very different. They use many of the same techniques in the study of the materials in their area of science, but are very different materials. Biology is the study of life and living things. The French naturalist, Jean Baptiste, introduced the
Employment in Geological Fields There are many fields of geology that each focus on minute details and problems. Though the focus may vary, the relation to geology on a whole is closely intertwined. I will graduate as part of the Spring 2000 class with a degree in elementary education. I feel that with my interest in geology, planning my lessons in this area will be simple. There are some themes in geology that hold precedence over others, such as geomorphology, and astrogeology. I
My Report is on Volcanoes. For a starter, I have a lay out of the plan for my report. Also I would like to follow a volcano in it's path. Right now here is part of my report. My Science Report on Volcanoes Introduction Reason for Report I am doing a report for my english assignment.So, far it has been very interesting to flip through several amaging web sities about it. Also it has been spectcular to see pictures. Volcanology This word ( volcanology ) is a branch of
Antoine Laurent Lavoisier was many things including, at chemist, economists, and public servant. But he is most famous for his role in the discovery of oxygen and the role it plays in combustion. Lavoisier was born in Paris on August 26, 1743. He went to college at College des Quatre Nations or at the Collage Mazarin depending on which biography you read. He was supposed to be a lawyer, like his father, but he turned to a life of science in 1764. He focused on geology mostly. From 1763 t
The Present is the Key to the Past" James Hutton was born in 1726, a geographer, was named "the father of geology" who believed not that catastrophes built the earth as it is today, but rather the origin of rocks happened through slow processes and time by gathering observations, the changes that took place over time, on his farm and land in Scotland,. The principle of uniformitarianism, the principle that Hutton is known for,, is said to be that present day geologic processes also oc
Darwin doesn't work here any more Richard Milton spent some twenty years studying the geology and palaeontology of the British Isles before writing Shattering the Myths of Darwinism. "It was the absence of transitional fossils that first made me question Darwin's idea of gradual change." "I realised, too, that the procedures used to date rocks were circular. Rocks are used to date fossils: fossils are used to date rocks." "From here I began to think the unthinkable: could Da
Now Showing Matches 1 To 19 Field Guide to Geology A 6 page book report on "The Field Guide to Geology" by David Lambert. Lambert is known for his clear and unique style of cataloging information so that laymen can readily understand the subject. This book is no exception to that rule. It is a very clear and concise introduction to the world of geology, written in easy to understand language. He covers subjects such as the earth's crust, volcanoes, rocks in general, deformed a
A momentous occasion has been bestowed upon us. The Mars Polar Lander will try to reach its destination of Mars’ southern polar ice cap. The Lander was presumed to touch down on Friday December 3, 1999. It was launched from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Space Launch Complex 17 on January 3, 1999 and hopefully it has finally reached the surfaces of Mars. This mission is worth $327.6 million total for both orbiter and Lander (not including Deep Space 2). Those figures come from $19
An earthquake, one of the most destructive natural phenomena, consist of rapid vibrations of rock near the earth s surface. It is the most terrifying of all natural phenomena and brings fear since ancient times because of its sudden unpredictable occurrence and enormous capacity of destruction. A single shock usually last no more than a few seconds , although several quakes may last for as much as couple of minutes. The quake as felt on the surface is always the result never the cause of
On the Theory of EvolutionWhether it is Lamarck+s theory that evolution is driven by an innate tendency towards greater complexity, Darwin+s theory of natural selection, or the belief that the evolution of plant and animal life is controlled by a higher being, the process of evolution cannot be denied. Archaeological investigations have proven that species evolve over time, but the unanswered questions are |How?X and |Why?X The answer lies in Charles Darwin+s theory of evolution. Charle
Everglade Dilemma The worlds systems of life are of such complexity that even modern man can't fully understand and predict it. The common word for this is Mother Nature and the question is the mystery of life. Life was created by a specific set of environmental and geologic features present at the same time. Modern life is still effected by the different environmental factors and systems that occur worldwide. Each system reaction causes and equal and opposite reaction in an another system. T
Soufriere Hills, a volcano on the island of Montserrat, has provided information for those who want to study the sites of volcanic eruptions. Since 1995 this volcano on Montserrat has generated problems for the residents of this Caribbean island. On the other hand, Volcanologists take this opportunity to watch the activities of an active volcano. To begin with, Soufriere Hills is a stratovolcano. (1) Since this volcano has not erupted during recorded time, the current activity is literall
Geology of Mars by Luke Justis Mars is the planet that is the closest geologically to our own. Still we know little about the planet. All the information that we have is from what we see. We can speculate about the geology of the planet but we will never know for sure what the planet is really made of until we physicallygo there. The information is all from NASA sites or NASA related sites. Mars red color leads us to believe that the planet has large amounts of iron. This red color
Greg Graffin The band Bad religion was formed in the early eighties and has now been around over 15 years and has released over eight albums, the lead singer has continued his schooling and now has one bachelors degree ,a masters and is working on his Ph.D. Greg Graffin was born in 1965 in Wisconsin. His mother and father were divorced after his birth. In 1976 his mother his brother and him moved to San Fernando valley California, which is now the punk rock capital of the world. "L
Since the dawn of humanity, there has been a single question that has perplexed even the greatest of philosophers and scientists. Humans are, by nature, interested in their past. As a result every civilization through out time has sought to find the origin of life, and answered it to meet their needs. Early civilizations taught that there was a group of gods located on a far off mountain at the edge of the earth. These gods were responsible everything, ranging from the rising and setting of th
Titanium Titanium is an extremely light material. It is a pure substance found on the periodic table of elements. Titanium is found in many products that we use everyday, such as tennis racquets and paint. Titanium is number 22 on the periodic table of elements. It has an atomic mass of 47.867. The symbol in which you can find titanium with is Ti. William Gregor in England discovered titanium. He discovered it in 1791. He noticed it in a mineral menachanite. It was rediscovered by a Ger
On July 4, 1997 the Mars Pathfinder finally came to rest after ninety minutes of bouncing around on the Martian surface. The purpose of the mission was to explore the Martian surface, collect and analyze the chemical makeup of Martian rocks, and test the new technology and software put into this mission. Scientists back on Earth hoped to advance their knowledge of the Martian surface and from that data, reconstruct past surface features. Using this important data, scientists can determine t
The US Geological Survey is an agency of the U.S. Department of the Interior, it was established in 1879. It is responsible for interpreting and mapping the geology, hydrology, and topography of the United States and its territories and for investigating and appraising mineral, energy, and water resources. The agency investigates a wide range natural hazards. It performs scientific research and publishes the results of its studies. The value of the USGS to the Nation is in its ability t
There are four stages that are needed to have a successful hydrologic cycle; they are precipitation, evaporation, run off, and infiltration. Now Mother Nature has very delicately monitored these four stages ever since the earth was created. The delicate balance of water being put into and taken out of the earth maintained a natural hydrological cycle world wide, but since man has inhabited the world, the cycle has changed. At first minor changes to the cycle did not really affect the
Mining is one of the largest commercial jobs. The word mining doesn t sound very important to ordinary peoples who doesn t know geology. After I read this book, I knew our culture need industrial minerals more than they need anything else except food, but even food could not be produced without minerals. There are only a few of the world s five billion people who don t rely on mineral everyday. Unfortunately, there is many factors concerning these industrial activities. Will it make profi
When we look around our world today, we see a dynamic, almost chaotic planet that is constantly changing. Volcanoes erupt, the earth’s crust moves, mountains are weathered and other such activities occur around the world at almost any given moment. These dynamic events occur with such frequency and repetition that clearly defining a beginning or end is exceedingly difficult. Considering this difficulty and by relying on purely observational information, one can only assume that the pr
Jean Lamark was a French botanist and invertebrate zoologist who formulated one of the earliest theories of evolution. In 1768 he wrote a book on his botanical observations, which French naturalist Georges Louis Buffon arranged to publish in 1779 as Flore fran ois (Plants of France). As a result of the book and his friendship with Buffon, Lamarck was elected to the Academy of Sciences. He became an associate botanist in 1783, but his most significant work was done when he began to work at th
VOLCANOES Volcanoes are holes or vents in the Earth s crust, created when molten hot magma under the crust of the Earth is forced upward to the surface. Magma collects in a chamber beneath the crust, pressure builds up and forces it up through cracks or fissure and a conduit to the surface is created. Hot gases try to escape but are trapped in the magma. The surface of the Earth begins to bulge until the pressure can no longer be contained. Gases and fragments are released in a violent ex
Hiking the Grand Canyon I spent 5 years traveling America and have been to 40 states. I kept a detailed journal of my travels. One of my favorite places I visited was the Grand Canyon. My husband and I took an 18-mile day hike. We spent the night in Flagstaff and arrived early at the South Rim entrance. Of all of the pictures I have seen of the Grand Canyon, I was truly surprised by how many trees and how green the Grand Canyon was! I was really expecting a big barren red hole,
Geology of Mars Mars is the planet that is the closest geologically to our own. Still we know little about the planet. All the information that we have is from what we see. We can speculate about the geology of the planet but we will never know for sure what the planet is really made of until we physicallygo there. The information is all from NASA sites or NASA related sites. Mars’ red color leads us to believe that the planet has large amounts of iron. This red color is th
Darwin was born in Shrewsbury, Shropshire. He was the son of Robert Waring Darwin and his wife Susannah; and the grandson of the scientist Erasmus Darwin, and of the potter Josiah Wedgwood. His mother died when he was eight years old, and he was brought up by his sister. He was taught classics at Shrewsbury, then sent to Edinburgh to study medicine, which he hated, and a final attempt at educating him was made by sending him to Christ's College, Cambridge, to study theology (1827). Du
Transitions in WaterWhen examining waters transition from fresh to salt as well as from salt to fresh one quickly finds the importance of estuaries. In terms of geology, present-day estuaries are young and ephemeral coastal features. Today's estuaries began to take their current form during the last interglacial period, when sea level rose about 120 m (Braun 36). However, the relatively high sea levels and extensive estuaries found today have been characteristic of only about 10 to 20 pe
The Keys To Unlocking Transitions in Water When examining waters transition from fresh to salt as well as from salt to fresh one quickly finds the importance of estuaries. In terms of geology, present-day estuaries are young and ephemeral coastal features. Today's estuaries began to take their current form during the last interglacial period, when sea level rose about 120 m (Braun 36). However, the relatively high sea levels and extensive estuaries fo
Plate Tectonics Since the beginning of human kind there has been a cloud of wonder regarding the origin of our planet. Scientist interested in this field through out the years have developed many different theories to how our planet came about. Before the Twentieth Century, scientist and geologist alike revolved in the idea that Mountain building was due to the massive contractions of the earth caused by the gradual cooling of molten rocks. In 1900, American scientist Joseph Le Conte
Earth Systems Questions 1: In 1915 Alfred Wegner, a German climatologist and geophysicst, published The Origin of Continents and Oceans. In this book he proposed his theory of the continental drift. 2: The first evidence that lead people to suspect that the continents were once connected was the evidence of the continental jigsaw puzzle. Wegner noticed that the coast lines of the continents could be made to fit together. This was especially true for South America and Africa. 3: Pang
The Extinction of the Dinosaurs Many millions of years ago dinosaurs became extinct due to a catastrophic disturbance of the balance of life on earth. Recent studies points to a collision of a meteor on the earth s surface. The collision would have hurled tons of sand and debris into the earth s atmosphere. This would have caused the sun s light and warmth to be blocked and the earth s temperature to cool. Many plant and animal species would become extinct. This would have eventual
Studying Seismic Activity California has 200 or more faults capable of producing large earthquakes. Some of the faults are hidden and some visible at the surface. The biggest concentration of faults are in the San Adreas fault zone and the San Jacinto fault zone. Because of California s large amount of Fault lines the United States Geological Survey, the California division of mines and Geology, the California Institute and other agencies have developed the Southern California Earthquake C
View of Local Museum Directors Each group should get an equally fair chance to do what they want with the bones.First the scientists should get the bones, second the museum directors, and last theUmatilla or the Asatru. The scientists get the bones first, so that they could study them. They would determine to whom the bones belong to, lifestyle, habits, etc. A study will be conductedand the information will be released to the public. After the scientists are done with them, then the Museu
One question that is being asked by people is, "Why go to Mars"? The reasons are very simple. People want to gain recognition of how they were the first people who went to Mars and opened up a whole new world and most importantly to move forward in economics. As humans waste the precious materials and resources found on this planet we have to consider going to other planets to explore for materials and energy resources. Mars would be the first area for industrial development and mi
Victorian Doubt in God: Alfred Tennyson s In Memoriam When I first got this assignment I racked my brain for a topic that would interest me as well as something I could learn from. When I came across Alfred Lord Tennyson it sparked my interest and as I read on I decided that I would write about him. My next decision was to pick one of his poems to research. I finally chose In Memoriam I read the background on it and it interested me. In Memoriam is very long so I m only going to discuss som
A Discussion On Earthquakes/Plate Technonics Perhaps Mother Nature offers no greater force than that of the earthquake. Across the span of time, earthquakes have been recorded for their incredible destructive forces, and their abilities to awe mankind with their unparalleled force. Earthquakes can often strike without any notice, leveling large cities and killing scores of innocent people. Not only can earthquakes bring harm to society through these methods of destruction, but they can
Charles Darwin was born in Shrewsbury, England, in 1809. His family was known for having scientists. Robert Darwin, his father was a physician, his grandfather, Erasmus Darwin, was also a scientist. Darwin's father wanted him and his brother to follow into the medical fields. When Darwin was a child he was very interested in living things; he read many books on geology and biology. He also collected plants, animal specimens and fossils. In 1825 Darwin started his medical studies at the U
Dating back to the 18th century concretions have been known as geologic curiosity s due to the various sizes, shapes and compositions. Concretions have also been thought to be dinosaur eggs, extra-terrestrial debris, human artifacts and animal and plant fossils. Due to these curiosity s I will try and enlighten you more on these in the following by explaining the process in which they are formed and explaining some locations where they can be found in large outcrops. The word "concretion" i
Sedimentary Rock On Quartz and sedimentary rocks Silicon and oxygen, the two most common chemical elements in the Earth's crust, combine as silicon dioxide to form the mineral quartz. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS, are Rocks that are formed by the compaction of sediments or by the crystallization of the dissolved minerals. Quartz is the most abundant mineral in the Earth's crust. Quartz has been found in meteorites and in some rocks collected on the moon. Quartz has the chemical formula SiO2. T