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Philosophy / Psychological Egoism
Psychological Egoism: Every person is oriented towards his (or her) own welfare, and the object of every one of his voluntary actions is
some good to himself.
Janan Savage
Ethics
Psychological egoism is a reflex that every person has to orient themselves toward their own welfare. Through this, it follows that
every one of his (or her) voluntary actions is ...
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Philosophy / Raskolnikov And Utilitarianism
"One death, and a thousand lives in exchange--it's simple arithmetic."
-Raskolnikov
Raskolnikov's mathematical evaluation of the moral dilemma presented to him in Dostoevsky's Crime and Punishment exemplifies the
empirical view of utilitarianism. Utilitarianism attempts to distinguish between right and wrong by measuring a decision based on its
...
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Philosophy / Relativism: The Tangible Theory
Essay I
Relativism: The Tangible Theory
Since the beginning of rational thought, philosophers have searched for the true meaning of morality. Many theorists have attempted
to answer this question with reasoning, in an attempt to find a universal set of rules, or a way to distinguish right from wrong. Some
theorists believe that this question is best answered by a single...
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Philosophy / Religion: The Welcome Or UN-welcome Mat
Religion serves to both exclude and include other people based on their willingness to accept or adopt that religion. When people are within the religion, they are already part of a community of others sharing their beliefs and including each other in their rituals. When a subculture or secular belief meets a religious assembly, the religious assembly separates the subculture into two collectio...
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Philosophy / Royal Road To The Unconscious (Dreams)
It was middle of the night and Dave was sound asleep. The house was completely quiet.
All of a sudden his eyes popped open and he sat straight up in bed. His breathing came in
short gasps as he looked around the room. "What was that?" he asked himself. "That
dream...what did it mean?"
Dreams are something that happen to everyone. Babies dream, as well as
teenagers, adults, and animals....
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Philosophy / Satndpoint Theory
Standpoint Theory
I. Introduction
A) Dating back to 1800's Standpoint theory claims that social groups within which we are located powerfully shape what we experience and know as well as how we understand and communicate with ourselves, others and the world.
II. Locations in Cultural Life
A) Recall that symbolic interaction claims that we are socialized into cultural meanings and values th...
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Philosophy / Sexuality
Teenagers and Sex in America
TEEN SEX& PREGNANCY
SEXUAL ACTIVITY
CONTRACEPTIVE USE
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES
(STDs)
TEEN PREGNANCY
CHILDBEARING
T...
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Philosophy / Society Is Wrong
SOCIETY IS WRONG!
There is a grave matter affecting all students these days. Whether you're still in grade school or in a post-secondary institution. The brainwashing that takes place over us is undeniable! And it's not the teachers in which I am talking about.
IT'S YOUR PARENTS!
Throughout life you look at your parents as a lifeline. They supply money, clothes, and shelter. This is not ...
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Philosophy / Society's Restraint To Social Reform
Philosophy : Workfare
"Society's Restraint to Social Reform"
Of the many chatted words in the social reform vocabulary of Canadians today,
the term workfare seems to stimulate much debate and emotion. Along with the
notions of self-sufficiency, employability enhancement, and work
disincentives, it is the concept of workfare that causes the most tension
between it's government and bus...
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Philosophy / Socrates
By Albo Cruz
SOCRATES
Do you know who Socrates is? Socrates is a philosopher who did not only have one perspective to ideas or gods, but had to cross examine them, according to the wishes of his God. He taught his philosophy for free but he sang for his supper. In his era people said he was the wisest man of all but he said he was not wise at all.
BACKGROUND
Socrates was born in Athens,...
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Philosophy / Socrates: Man Of Knowledge
Socrates : Man of Knowledge
Socrates was the most colorful figure in the history of ancient philosophy. His fame was widespread in his own time. Socrates name soon became a household word although he professed no extraordinary wisdom, constructed no philosophical system, established no school, and founded no sect. The Greek philosopher and logician, Socrates, was an important formative influen...
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Philosophy / Taoism And Buddism
It is always present in you. You can use it anyway you want.
-- Lao-tzu
Taoism is one of the two great philosophical and religious traditions that originated in China. The other philosophy native to China is Confucianism. Both Taoism and Confucianism began at about the same time, around the sixth century B.C. China's third great religion, Buddhism, came to China from India around the s...
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Philosophy / The Birth Of Tragedy - Nietzsche
The Birth of Tragedy
"Oh, wretched ephemeral race, children of chance and misery, why do you compel me to tell you what it would be most expedient for you not to hear? What is best of all is utterly beyond your reach: not to be born, not to be, to be nothing. But the second best for you is - to die soon." These sad words, uttered to King Midas by the demigod Silenus, lie at the heart of Ni...
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Philosophy / The Importance Of Learning Another Language
Technology-¯specifically the Internet-¯is making the world a smaller and smaller place. Our world has become a "global village", now that communication is instantaneous. The world is only as far away as the computer. People are trading ideas and communicating faster than any other time in history. Countries and markets are trading people and business as well. However, since its now becoming m...
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Philosophy / The Morality Of Abortion
The Morality of Abortion
On the question of abortion being moral, the answer is clearly that terminating a fetus' life under certain circumstances is not only
moral, but it is also our responsibility to terminate it if the quality of life is in question for the fetus. A second major reason is that to
declare abortion immoral would mean that we would have to consider the facto...
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Philosophy / The Paradox Of Schizophrenia
In his book, The Paradoxes of Delusion, Louis Sass attempts to rebut two of most
prevalent beliefs of the schizophrenic person. He argues that by viewing the
schizophrenic delusions in light of solipsism, a philosophy of existence, the
schizophrenic may seem far more understandable. Through his comparison of the
schiz...
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Philosophy / The Philosophies Of John Locke And Thomas Hobbes
Thomas Hobbes and John Locke were two philosophers with completely different ideas.
One tended to be more conservative and prejudice, whilst the other was free of spirit and
open-minded. However, they were both working towards the same goal: an ideal way to live life.
Thomas Hobbes first and foremost believed that all people all self-serving, prudent, and
unjust, and that people and nations ...
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Philosophy / The Philosophy Of Schizophrenia
Phil-229
Trinity College
In his book, The Paradoxes of Delusion, Louis Sass attempts to rebut two of most
prevalent beliefs of the schizophrenic person. He argues that by viewing the
schizophrenic delusions in light of solipsism, a philosophy of existence, the
schizophrenic may seem far more understandable. Through his comparison of the
schizophrenic and solipsist realities, Sass explai...
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Philosophy / The Stoic Citizen-politics Of Epictitus
The majority of authors reviewed in this course attempt to either describe an ideal state or to advise the reader on matters of ruling. This provides for interesting reading and speculation and may be helpful for politicians, but not for the majority of people. Most of us will likely never hold any political office. For us these works are of questionable value as guides for action.
Plato, Aris...
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Philosophy / The Two Faces Of Meursault
The Two Faces of Meursault
At the climax of The Stranger, Meursault dies for his killing of an Arab. Often have we considered this an act of absurdity; he could have made some plea for mercy, could have attempted to explain himself to the court. But Meursault did none of these things, thus affirming the fact that his actions were indeed absurd. Just as the text contains so many dualities of...
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Philosophy / Total Quality Management In Construction
The major new element in world market competition is quality. During the 1970's and 1980's, the Japanese and their U.S. companies
demonstrated that high quality is achievable at lower costs and greater customer satisfaction. It was the result of using the management
principles of total quality management (TQM). More and more U.S. companies have demonstrated that such achievements are p...
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Philosophy / Transcendentalism
Various authors have talked about the transcendentalist philosophy, have written many essays, poems, ECT. Transcendentalism is a philosophy that is practiced by few because of its drastic views. It is a difficult task to succeed; many people have found it difficult to go against society. Transcendentalism is a flawed philosophy and is not effective, but it does have a few good points. It is flawed...
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Philosophy / Transcendentalism: The Philosophy Of The Mind
Transcendentalism: The Philosophy of the Mind
Transcendentalism is the view that the basic truth of the
universe lies beyond the knowledge obtained from the senses, a
knowledge that transcendentalists regard as the mere appearance of
things (Adventures 162). Transcendentalists believe the mind is
where ideas are formed. The transcendentalist ideas...
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Philosophy / Truth II: The Only Truth Existing
Truth
The Only Truth Existing
[This is my second and last essay of Philosophy 201]-RJ
The Only Truth Existing
"We are, then, faced with a quite simple alternative: Either we deny that there is here
anything that can be called truth - a choice that would make us deny what we
experience
most profoundly as our own being; or we must look beyond the realm of our "natural"
experience for a ...
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Philosophy / Truth: Absolute Understanding
Absolute Understanding
[This essay was my first in Philosophy 201. I have another that is similar but different
which I wrote at the end of the term. Read both.]
Absolute Understanding
An elephant was brought to a group of blind men who had never
encountered such an animal before. One felt a leg and reported that an
elephant is a great living pillar. Another felt the trunk and reported ...
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Philosophy / Turing On Intelligence
Can computers ever be intelligent? Hollywood would like to think so. Ever since the
early 1960s, free thinking machines have entered the mainstream of Science-Fiction
films, from the evil "Hal" from 2001: A Space Odyssey to the elegant "Data" in Star T
to Turing's criterion.
In 1950, Alan Turing devised a test to determine intelligence of a digital computer in
his historic essay, Computing...
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Philosophy / Two Brands Of Nihilism
Two Brands of Nihilism
As philosopher and poet Nietzsche's work is not easily conformable to the
traditional schools of thought within philosophy. However, an unmistakable concern with
the role of religion and values penetrates much of his work. Contrary to the tradition
before him, Nietzsche launches vicious diatribes against Christianity and the dualistic
philo...
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Philosophy / U S Economy
Economics Paper
Introduction
How easy is it for smaller business men to achieve the Aamerican dream. How to stop corporate domination. The question I pose to you is " Is
the American Dream still achievable?" The opportunity is there but for what select few is the opportunity available to. If the resources are out
there but I can't tap into the resources they rae of no use to me. (Make no...
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Philosophy / What Is Bioethics?
Bioethics encompasses every ethical question relating and pertaining to medicine and the health of living things. Everything from pediatrics to nursing, from euthanasia to birth-pain killer, from the debate of abortion to the law of malpractice is covered by the term bioethics. Bioethics is a very broad, very extensive category of ethics.
The concept of a separate set of ideas called bi...
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Philosophy / Who Is To Blame
Who is to Blame
The doctrine of "assumption of risk" clearly defines the responsibility of all voluntary actions taken on by individuals, independent
of the inherent risk or danger involved with such actions. Are we only to assume responsibility for the positive outcomes of our actions,
without also accepting the negative outcomes as well? Most individuals only claim respon...
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Why Does Socrates claim that no person ever desires what is bad?
The arguments to support the claim that Socrates believes that no man ever desires what is bad may be found in the Meno. In this conversation, Socrates and his fellow man Meno are in search of true knowledge (or the form) of virtue. As their discussion follows that winding convoluted path that is common to Socratic debate, So...
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Philosophy / Why Homosexuality Is Abnormal
Why Homosexuality is Abnormal"
Michael Levin
Levin gives two claims to support his views of homosexuality. Homosexuality is abnormal, therefore it is undesirable. Levin also gives explanation to why unhappiness is tied to the misuse of body parts.
Levin uses Theory of Natural Selection as a foundation to prove his claim that the misuse of body parts is abnormal and it is directly correlated...
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Philosophy / Why One Sin Is Worse Thatn Another
Why One Sin is Worse than Another
Most Christians these days see every sin as equally bad. In other words, no one sin is worse or should draw worse punishment than another. In Dante's The Inferno, however, this is not the case. In The Inferno, the deeper one delves into Hell, the worse the sin that has been committed. The punishments that the souls incur are representative of the sins th...
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Philosophy / Willard Van Orman Quine
Willard Van Orman Quine
"If pressed to supplement Tweedledee's ostensive definition of logic with a discursive definition of the same subject, I would say that logic is the systematic study of the logical truths. Pressed further, I would say that a sentence is logically true if all sentences with its grammatical structure are true ("Quotations from the Writings of Willard Van Orman Quine."...
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Philosophy / Women And Capitalism
The history of woman's oppression extends to long before the advent of capitalism. The fact that child bearing and rearing children required many years of care and nurturing and that the average woman was smaller and weaker than the average male; women developed a mutual arrangement with men. Women would allow a man to take care of her economically in exchange for maintaining a home, preparing m...
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