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Philosophy /
Philosophy
Soren Kierkegaard
Soren Aabe Kierkegard was a Danish philosopher and religious thinker. He was born in Copenhagen on May 5, 1813. He was the youngest of 7 children. Kierkagaard had a disability that restricted him from playing with kids his own age. Because of this, he spent a lot of time with his father. His father was a clothes merchant, who became quite wealthy and retired. He held mee...
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Philosophy / Karl Marx
1818-83, German social philosopher and revolutionary; with Friedrich Engels, a
founder of modern Socialism and Communism. The son of a lawyer, he studied
law and philosophy; he rejected the idealism of G.W.F. Hegel but was
influenced by Ludwig Feuerbach and Moses Hess. His editorship (1842-43) of
the Rheinische Zeitung ended when the paper was suppressed. In 1844 he
met Engels in P...
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Philosophy / Nietzsche And Platonism
In Twilight of the Idols Nietzsche writes, "My objection against the whole of sociology in England and France remains that it knows from experience only the forms of decay, and with perfect innocence accepts its instincts of decay as the norm of sociological value-judgments. The decline of life, the decrease in the power to organize, that is to tear open clefts, subordinate and super-ordi...
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Philosophy / A Comparison Of Plato And Aristotle
Plato versus Aristotle
Plato and Aristotle, two philosophers in the 4th century, hold polar views on politics and philosophy in general. This fact is very
cleverly illustrated by Raphael's "School of Athens" (1510-11; Stanza della Segnatura, Vatican), where Plato is portrayed looking up to the
higher forms; and Aristotle is pointing down because he supports the natural ...
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Philosophy / A Critique Of Socrates' Guilt In The Apology
A Brief Comment on the Query:
"Is Socrates Guilty As Charged?"
History of Political Thought 47.230 B Mini-Essay for Discussion Group #3
In any case of law, when one is considering truth and justice, one must first look at the validity of the court and of the entity of
authority itself. In Socrates case, the situation is no diff...
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Philosophy / Abortion & Cultural Relativism
Morals and Traditions
Liana Raquel Prieto (December 1997)
Abortion is ethically permissible. When we are considering this distant land the abortion debate takes on new dimensions but these in no way alter my original premise. The people of this land are not committing a moral wrong by performing late-term abortions, as they have been for thousands of years, in order to secure the salvation o...
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Philosophy / Abortion Law And It's Issues
Abortion Law
and its
Issues
Chris Stone
ID. Number : 97107692
October 10, 1997
Philosophy 1100A97
...
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Philosophy / Abortion: One Moral Issue
Some have argued abortion is morally wrong because a fetus has a right to life.
Yet, some of these people would make an exception in the case of rape. This stance is contradictory if there is a strict deontological position on "right to life" if it assumes that a fetus is a living person. It is unreasonable to change this criterion in cases of rape if we are to live by a strict interpretation ...
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Philosophy / An Analytical Definition Of Philosophia
Men and women have tried for years to define Philosophy. One particularly interesting attempt was made by Martin Heidegger in the late 8th Century. He is reported as saying to his good friend and lover, Patrick Hurley, "Philosophy is one large search for the being-upon another and one long journey into the being-inside." In this sense, Philosophy is best understand as a search. But a search fo...
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Philosophy / An Unexamined Life Is Not Worth Living
AN UNEXAMIND LIFE IS NOT WORTH LIVING
"The unexamined life is not worth living." (Apology, p. 41) Socrates held him self up to this standard by allowing the courts to take his life because they would not allow him to continue his quest set forth by the Oracle. An unexamined life would be just coasting through and not making any decisions or asking any questions. Socrates could not see a point ...
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Philosophy / Analysis Of Crito
Analysis of Crito
The question is raised within the dialogue between Socrates and Crito concerning civil disobedience. Crito has the desire, the means,
and many compelling reasons with which he tries to convince the condemned to acquiesce in the plan to avoid his imminent death.
Though Crito's temptation is imposing, it is in accord with reason and fidelity that Socrates choo...
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Philosophy / Anarchists In History
Greg Thornton
Nancy Allen, Howard Jones
English II, World History
February 19, 1998
Anarchists in History
Anarchy is one of the most misdefined words in the English language. Many people believe it means total chaos. It is actually the idea that any form of government is unnecessary and undesirable. Although anarchism is often despised, anarchists have helped shape the lives and go...
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Philosophy / Animal Experimentation (Outline For)
The Contention Outline
Thesis Statement: Animal Experimentation is unnecessary and unneeded within the United States
Thus I present the Following contentions to support my thesis:
1) Human beings do not have a prima facie right to use other animals, if they are unwilling to do so upon either them selves or other human beings.
A) From Nedim C. Buyukmihinci V.M.D. "Over the last coupl...
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Philosophy / Anselm's Ontological Argument And The Philosophers
Anselm's Ontological Argument and the Philosophers
Saint Anselm of Aosta, Bec, and Canterbury, perhaps during a moment of enlightenment or
starvation-induced hallucination, succeeded in formulating an argument for God's existence which has
been debated for almost a thousand years. It shows no sign of going away soon. It is an argument
based solely on reason, d...
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Philosophy / Aristotle Asks "howd That Get Here?"
As Aristotle viewed the world around him, he observed that things are moving and
changing in certain ways. Aristotle discovered that certain things cause other things,
which in turn cause something else. Aristotle believed that an infinite chain of c
The first evidence that Aristotle viewed was the world around him. He observed that
everything is in motion, and that one motion causes another ...
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ristotle: A Comprehensive View on Nature and Society
In order to fully understand Aristotle's views on a natural system, it is necessary to first explain some general principles of his
philosophy. It is in his work the Categories that Aristotle presents the concept of substance, a concept which will serve as the foundation
for much of his philosophical system. Substance, fo...
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Philosophy / Assisted Suicide
Imagine you have just found out you are going to die within three months. Recently the questions have been changed from, ?What am
I going to do with the rest of my life?? to ?When should I kill myself?? With painful and crippling diseases such as AIDS and cancer,
and Alzheimers along with doctors such as Dr. Kavorkian, , some people are choosing death over life. Doctor assisted suicide...
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Philosophy / Atomism- Democritus & Epicurus
theme
Atomism:
Democritus
and
Epicurus
Philosophy 116
October 17, 1996
In the Atomists, we see pluralism taken as far as it could possibly go. We see Democritus and Epicurus divide all the world, as well
as the universe, into two categories; atoms and empty space. Everything else is merely thought to exist. The atoms are ete...
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Philosophy / Ayn Rand-The Fountainhead
ISU Essay : Ayn Rand-The Fountainhead
Imagine power as a form of free flowing energy, a source found within every one and for each individual. Assume that to gain power,
one has to tap this resevoir of immense proportions and relish upon the rich harvest to their hearts desires. Consequently, when there is
such a dealing of concentrated materials, nature takes charge and si...
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Philosophy / Buddhism Today
One of the lasting strengths of Buddhism has been its ability to adapt to changing conditions and to many different cultures. Unlike other religions Buddhism does not conflict with modern science. Instead it holds that Buddha applied the experimental approach to questions of ultimate truth. In Thailand and Myanmar, Buddhism remains strong. It reacts to charges of being socially unconcerned, it...
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Question: Can scepticism be defended, perhaps in a limited form ?
1. Introduction
This essay centres around what it means to know something is true and also why it is important to distinguish between what you know
and do not or can not know.
The sceptic in challenging the possibility of knowing anything challenges the basis on which all epistemology is based. It is from t...
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Philosophy / Can We Debate Art?
subject = philosophy
title = can we debate art?
papers = Can we debate
art? When I first began thinking about this topic, it seemed as if
it was
a fairly simple subject. Of course we could debate art, critics and the average
citizen have done it
for years debating over which pieces are their favorites.
As I began to think
about the subject and received feedback from the class,
this topic...
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Philosophy / Categorical Imperative Vs Utilitarianism
Kant: the Universal Law Formation of the Categorical Imperative
Kantian philosophy outlines the Universal Law Formation of the
Categorical Imperative as a method for determining morality of actions.
This formula is a two part test. First, one creates a maxim and
considers whether the maxim could be a universal law for all rational
beings. Second, one ...
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Philosophy / Charles Darwin And Imperialism
Charles Darwin And Imperialism
England went through dramatic changes in the 19th century.
English culture, socio-economic structure and politics where largely
influenced by the principles of science. Many social expressions
occurred due to these changes. Transformations which categorized this
time period could be observed in social institutions; for instance: the
switch from popular Eva...
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Philosophy / Charles Darwin And Imperialism
Charles Darwin and Imperialism
England went through dramatic changes in the 19th century.
English culture, socio-economic structure and politics where largely
influenced by the principles of science. Many social expressions
occurred due to these changes. Transformations which categorized this
time period could be observed in social institutions; f...
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Philosophy / Cloning â€" Is The World Ready?
Chaminade University
Cloning - Is the World Ready?
Steven Ware
PH100
12 March 1998
Submitted to: DR. Mark Brasher
PH100 - Intro. To Philosophy
Cloning - Is the World Ready?
Human Genetic Cloning - it has been titled "Breakthrough of the Year", in my opinion, it should be titled "Confusion of the Year", as th...
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Philosophy / Cogniton And Marxism
Practical Cognition
Theories of Knowledge (Karl Marx)
In his early years of writing, Karl Marx's ideas were similar to American Pragmatism, especially his ideas about epistemology. He defines
truth in a pragmatic fashion and explains cognition in terms of practical needs of the human being. While some of his ideas were not
followed to their logical conclusion, nor mad...
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Philosophy / Common Pagan Rituals And Beliefs
Science - Philosophy
Common Pagan Rituals and Beliefs
Paganism is an ancient type of religion which has quite an inauspicious
reputation today. There are many types of paganism, most date back
thousands of years, which include Wicca, Witchcraft, Paganism, and a few
other lesser known and practiced variations. Yet all of these religions
are similar and share common beliefs. Wicca is the mos...
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Philosophy / Confessions, By Augustine - Evil
A philosophical question faces Christians, and in fact all theists, that challenges the belief in G-d. To theists, G-d is an omnipotent,
perfect God. He is good. Theists accept this, and embrace it, for how else can they worship G-d and give their lives to Him unless He is
good? However, n this world evil is constantly seen all around us. Because G-d is the author of all things in this...
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Philosophy / Confucius
M. Douglas McKinney
Philosophy of Religion
CONFUCIANISM AND CHRISTIANITY
The premise of Confucian teachings are centered around the idea of Jen or the ?virtue of humanity (Ching 68).? To accomplish this
divinity, five relationships must be honored: ruler and minister, father and son, husband and wife, elder and younger brother, and friend
and friend (Hopfe). T...
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Philosophy / Criticism Of Rousseau's State Of Nature
Man in the State of Nature
Man's transition from the state of nature into society is a topic that has been discussed by many philosophers in the past centuries. What is the state of nature for Rousseau and how does man go from it into society? I will explain and occasionally criticize how this happens according to Rousseau.
Man was originally a sentient and feeling being. He instinctively...
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Philosophy / David Hume On Miracles
Hume
In explaining Hume's critique of the belief in miracles,
we must first understand the definition of a miracle. The
Webster Dictionary defines a miracle as: a supernatural event
regarded as to define action, one of the acts worked by Christ
which revealed his divinity an extremely remarkable
achievement or event, an unexpected piece ...
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Philosophy / Depression And Relationship Study
A Study of Depression and Relationships
A primary concern for Psychology research is depression. Depression affects a great deal of our population and many aspects of an
individual's mental health and well-being. In my research of books, articles, and Internet pages on depression, I chose to base my paper
mainly on a 1994 article of a study of depression, entitled Depression, W...
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Descartes and Berkeley on Skepticism About the Senses
The philosophers Geroge Berkeley and Renee Descartes both had
strong opinions on skepticism about the senses. In this paper, I
will explain their philosophies and why they are different and
then evaluate them.
In his Meditations on First Philosophy, Descartes suggests
that the senses are like a friend who has lied to you once and
...
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Philosophy / Descartes And Plato
Philosophy is a subject that can take many twists and turns before it finds an answer to a general question. Sometimes, an answer is still left unfound. Philosophy, in its broadest terms, can be described as the systematic pursuit of knowledge and human excellence. What we are concerned with is knowledge. Many people have theories of knowledge. Amongst them, there are two we will be looking at, De...
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Philosophy / Descartes- Meditations- An Explication
Descartes overall objective in the Meditations is to question knowledge. To explore such metaphysical issues as the existence of God and
the separation of mind and body, it was important for him to distinguish what we can know as truth. He believed that reason as opposed
to experience was the source for discovering what is of absolute certainty. In my explication, I will examine medita...
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Philosophy / Discussion Of Miracles With Hume
Discussion of the Feasibility of Miracles and the Grounds for Christianity existing without
Miracles.
Kurt Erler
Philosophical Classics
11/11/96
In the following Discussion, I will point out the facts and ideas that disagree with...
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Philosophy / Dreams
Since the dawn of mankind, man has been searching for the
answer to just one question: Why do we dream? I believe
strongly that the reason is not clear-cut and as easy to answer
as it might seem. I think that dreams range in meaning and
importance.
When someone has a dream, there are many possible
types of dreams they could have. First of...
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Philosophy / Egoism, Utilitarianism, And Respect
Jason Pyrz
Phil. 283 A&V: Business
Dr. Bryan
October 20, 1997
Jason Pyrz
Page 1 of 8
All three are in practice around the world, a person can be only one of them, and each is morally right and morally wrong depending on how you look at it. I am speaking of course of the three major behavioral theories; Egoism, Utilitarianism, and Respect for Persons. Each of them is justified within it...
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Philosophy / Empiricism, Rationalism, And Pragmatism
Empiricism, Rationalism, and Pragmatism, as theories of knowledge, attempt to prove the nature of reality and what can be considered true or real. All three of these philosophies, however, encounter problems when attempting to prove the nature of reality. How these different philosophies overcome obstacles in their attempt to prove the nature of reality is a factor in discriminating between the ...
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Philosophy / Enlightened Philosophers
Enlightenment -- -The Light Bulb of the 1700's
Throughout history many people have changed society with their ideas and actions. Two philosophers whose ideas and actions changed
society are Voltaire and John Lock. Martin Luther and Galileo also changed society.
John Lock and Voltaire both fought for basic human rights. Voltaire fought for basic religious freedom. He c...
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Philosophy / Eros
Trinity College
Ancient Greek Philosophy
Paper 2-Platonic Dialogues
October 7, 1997
The nature of a thing called love has perplexed and confounded humans for
thousand of years. Even Socrates himself, believed by many to be among the greatest
thinkers of civilization as we know it, entertained the notion of Eros. In several of the
Platonic Dialogues, we find wise Socrates satisfying hi...
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Philosophy / Ethical Issues Surrounding Euthanasia
Euthanasia and assisted suicide are subjects of great debate due to the opposing views taken by people on either side of the debate. The term euthanasia has virtually abolished the term assisted suicide. Different ethical issues are at play when discussing euthanasia, those who are pro euthanasia believe that a terminally ill person has the right to seek the help of another for the purpose of help...
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Philosophy / ETHICS: The New Eugenics Movement
Because of the new wave of genetic technology there has been a strengthening in the
eugenics movement. Although the ideals still generally remain the same, they have
morphed into a new movement that seems more convincing for many people who
live in this new century. Terms such as "positive" and "negative" eugenics are used to
try to differenciate between old and new ideas, but it seems that th...
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Philosophy / ETHICS: The Rights Of Prisoners
ETHICS: THE RIGHTS OF PRISONERS
an address to my grandfather
One question that comes to mind when considering the incarceration of prisoners is how
much is too much punishment? Many agree that criminals deserve the punishment that was set
for them, but many are not aware of the conditions and atrocities that run rampant through
these prisons across the world. Evenso, should these criminals...
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Philosophy / Euthanasia
Under the Canadian Criminal Code, section 241(b) makes the aiding or abetting a
person to commit suicide an offense. Under this provision of the code, an argument can
be made that medical doctors who follow a patients "do not resuscitate"(DNR) order are
assisting the person in ending their life. However this is not the case, a person in this
instance is considered "to be master of his/her own ...
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Philosophy / Euthanasia
Euthanasia
Euthanasia - is it killing or letting die? In the last thirty years, this has been a highly controversial topic, the worldly morals versus
the Christian. Although there are certain instances where it is justifiably considered to be letting die, it is essentially killing.
§ Euthanasia comes from a Greek word, meaning "easy death," and is now often associate...
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Philosophy / Euthanasia
The central question of legal euthanasia is whether any form of euthanasia is morally permissible. Many defenders of euthanasia justify their positions by appealing to the values of liberty, autonomy, and self-determination. They argue that rational, competent adults should have the right to make responsible decisions regarding their own lives, provided they respect others' right to self-determi...
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Philosophy / Existence: Creation Or Evolution
Philosophy 102
Dr. Harrison / T.A. Mark Faller / THE UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA
March 16, 1998
The Existence of Species: Creation or Evolution?
Since the beginning of time, man has been plagued with the question of how humans, along with all other forms of life on the earth, came into existence. For a long period of time most scientists believed that God created all species individually. Thi...
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Philosophy / Existentialism: A WorldView
Existentialism: A WorldView
Existentialistic thought is predominately a 20th century revelation. As a philosophy, it states that man possesses free will over his fate and the direction he wants his life to take. Those who follow this believe they are in a world that does not always make sense, a world that is filled with uncertainty where well intended actions can become obscure and chaotic.
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