Ernest Hemingway lived from 1899 to 1961. He was an American novelist and short-story

writer, whose style is characterized by crispness, laconic dialogue, and emotional

understatement. Hemingway drew heavily on his experiences as an avid fisherman, hunter,

and bullfight enthusiast in his writing. One of the foremost authors of the era between the two

world wars, Hemingway in his early works depicted the lives of two types of people. One type

consisted of men and women deprived, by World War I, of faith in the moral values in which

they had believed, and who lived with disregard for anything but their own emotional needs.

The other type were men of simple character and primitive emotions, such as prizefighters and

bullfighters. Hemingway wrote of their courageous and usually futile battles against

circumstances. His writing style used simple nouns and verbs to capture scenes precisely. By

doing so he avoided describing his characters' emotions and thoughts directly.

His earliest works include the collections of short stories Three Stories and Ten

Poems (1923). His first works; In Our Time (1924), The Sun Also Rises (1926), A

Farewell to Arms (1929), Death in the Afternoon (1932). His later works included For

Whom the Bell Tolls (1940) and Across the River and into the Trees (1950). In 1952, he

wrote The Old Man and the Sea, for which he won the 1953 Pulitzer Prize in fiction. In 1954

Hemingway was awarded the Nobel Prize in literature. His last work published in his lifetime

was Collected Poems (1960). His death is regarded as a suicide.