Essay, Research Paper: Autism

Autism is a childhood disease where the child is in a private world of their own. It is caused by biological factors, it is a neurological disorder that affects the children's, whom most can demonstrate special skills, sensory systems, their ability to communicate and their ability to fully participate in society. An autistic child can get help by different therapies, the newest one is the facilitation therapy.
A description of an autistic child by her mother is: "We start with an image-a tiny, golden child on hands and knees, circle in ground and round a spot on the floor in mysterious self- absorbed delight. She does not look up, though she is smiling and laughing; she does not call our attention to the mysterious object of her pleasure. She does not see us at all. She and the spot are all there is, and though she is eighteen months old, an age for touching, tasting, pointing, pushing, exploring, she is doing none of these." (D'Abrosio, 2)
This is the most important trait in an autistic child, they don't interact or socialize with other people. Other characteristics in autistic children are language retardation and ritualistic or compulsive behaviors. It used to be thought that children became autistic because of "poor parenting" and that the only solution was that the parents should be removed from the child (Des Lauriers, 26).
Now it is known that autism is caused by biological factors due to: neurological symptoms, mental handicap, genetic causes, infections, and even difficulties in pregnancy. Even though autism is thought of as a disease or disorder, autistic children can demonstrate special skills. These skills are referred to as "isolated islets of intelligence" (Des Lauriers, 53). Some examples of these are found in an autistic child's ability to draw, play music, or recall a certain date. Nadia, an autistic child, has the ability to draw in a "almost photographic way" (Selfe, 54). Autistic children can also play instruments, accurately sing songs, recognize structures of music, etc.
A problem that arises when autistic children are going through therapy is starting to lose their remarkable skills. For parents to find out that their child is autistic can be very shocking. They go from having a bouncy, lively baby to a having a total stranger as their child. Many therapies have been devised to help autistic children. Some of these therapies are behavior therapy, speech and language therapy, holding therapy, music therapy, and the newest one, facilitation therapy. Since most autistic children are different and their behaviors are different, one therapy may be more effective than another one.
Facilitation therapy is catching on, but is already becoming a controversy. Although facilitation therapy is one of the most popular used methods in communicating with autistic children, it is being downgraded because of the controversies where the children are being manipulated by the facilitators. A child with autism can be detected by the age of three. "If treatment is started right away, the child may gain their normal functioning. This is a critical factor in reversing the disorder" (Coffey, 105). Other elements in autistic therapy that are important factors in helping with the child are "observations, establishing relationships, and changing behaviors" (Des Lauriers, 27). Once autistic children have made a relationship, they are brought closer to the outside world. That is why facilitation therapy is so popular.
This kind of therapy "helps the outside world to communicate with the lost child. The autistic child is supported by a facilitator who holds the arm, the wrist, or the hand" (Coffey, 115). This support helps the child to control his/her movements in order for the child to point to words, pictures, etc. In this way autistic children can express feelings or thoughts that no one thought they had. So why is there controversy over facilitation therapy? The autistic child is being observed, a relationship is formed between the child and the facilitator, and the gap is being closed. The problem with facilitation therapy is expressed by Dr. Green from the New York Times, "Facilitated communication seems tantamount to a miracle, but it's more like a self-fulfilling prophecy - you see what you want to see" (Coffey 120).
There is always the chance that the child is not the one expressing the thoughts. Scientists in the New York Times "are likening it to a Ouija board"(Coffey 121), because as people subconsciously move the message indicator to get an answer to their question, facilitators can move the autistic child's hand to what they want. Another argument against facilitation therapy was in an article, the "Harvard Educational Review," where three concerns were mentioned: 1) facilitated communication manipulated the handicapped, 2) facilitation has never been proven valid, and 3) facilitation contradicts "50 years of research in autism and developmental disabilities" (Kugelmass, 121).
It seems impossible that an autistic child who can not speak can suddenly communicate with words. The autistic child can answer questions when asked by a facilitator, but normally would just ignore a person that asked a question. Even though "facilitation therapy is a gateway into the autistic child's mind, it causes much skepticism" (Des Lauriers, 140). "One of the greatest barriers to success with facilitation is the tendency to underestimate people's abilities based on prevailing paradigms or definitions of disability" (Kugelmass, 193). When assumptions are made about people with a handicap, others don't put too much faith in their ability to spell, write, or