Essay, Research Paper: Nicholas Ferrar

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Christian History 102


Nicholas Ferrar


Nicholas Ferrar was assumed to be born in 1592. I have found that his most probable
birth
date was in February of 1593. This is due to the usual calendar confusion: England
was
not at that time using the new calendar adopted in October 1582. It was 1593
according
to our modern calendar, but at the time the new year in England began on the
following
March 25th.
Nicholas Ferrar was one of the more interesting figures in English history. His family
was
quite wealthy and were heavily involved in the Virginia Company, which had a Royal
Charter for the plantation of Virginia. People like Sir Walter Raleigh were often
visitors to
the family home in London. Ferrars' niece was named Virginia, the first known use of
this
name. Ferrar studied at Cambridge and would have gone further with his studies but
the
damp air of the fens was bad for his health and he traveled to Europe, spending time
in the
warmer climate of Italy.

On his return to England he found his family had fared badly. His brother John had
become over extended financially and the Virginia Company was in danger of loosing
its
charter. Nicholas dedicated himself to saving the family fortune and was successful.
He
served for a short time as Member of Parliament, where he tried to promote the cause
for
the Virginia Company. His efforts were in vain for the company lost their charter
anyway.

Nicholas is given credit for founding a Christian community called the English
Protestant
Nunnery at Little Gidding in Huntingdonshire, England. After Ferrar was ordained as
a
deacon, he retired and started his little community. Ferrar was given help and support
with his semi-religious community by John Collet, as well as Collet's wife and
fourteen
children. They devoted themselves to a life of prayer, fasting and almsgiving (Matthew

6:2,5,16).

The community was founded in 1626, when Nicholas was 34 years old. Banning
together,
they restored an abandoned church that was being used as a barn. Being of wealthy
decent, Ferrar purchased the manor of Little Gidding, a village which had been
discarded
since the Black Death (a major outbreak of the bubonic plague in the 14th century), a
few
miles off the Great North Road, and probably recommended by John Williams, Bishop
of
Lincoln whose palace was in the nearby village of Buckden. About thirty people along

with Mary Ferrar (Ferrars' mother) moved into the manor house. Nicholas became
spiritual leader of the community.

The community was very strict under the supervision of Nicholas. They read daily
offices
of the Book of Common Prayer, including the recital of the complete Psalter. every
day.




Day and night there was at least one member of the community kneeling in prayer at
the
alter, that they were keeping the word, "Pray without ceasing". They taught the
neighborhood children, and looked after the health and well being of the community.
They
fasted and in many ways embraced voluntary poverty so that they might have as
much
money as possible for the relief of the poor. They wrote books and stories dealing
with
various aspects of Christian faith and practice. The memory of the community
survived to
inspire and influence later undertakings of Christian communal living, and one of T.S.
Eliots' Four Quartets is called "Little Gidding."

Nicholas was a bookbinder and he taught the community the craft as well as gilding
and
the so-called pasting printing by means of a rolling press. The members of the
community
produced the remarkable "Harmonies" of the scriptures, one of which was produced
by
Mary Collet for King Charles I.. Some of the bindings were in gold toothed leather,
some
were in velvet which had a considerable amount of gold tooling. Some of the
embroidered
bindings of this period have also been attributed to the so-called nuns of Little
Gidding.

The community attracted much attention and was visited by the king, Charles I. He
was
attracted by a gospel harmony they had produced. The king asked to borrow it only to
return it a few months later in exchange for a promise of a new harmony to give his
son,
Charles, Prince of Wales. This the Ferrars did, and the superbly produced and bound
manuscript passed through the royal collection, and is now on display at the British
Library.

Nicholas Ferrar, who was never married, died in 1637, and was buried outside the
church
in Little Gidding. Nicholas's brother John assumed the leadership of the community.

John did his best to make the community thrive. He was visited by the king several
times.
At one time the king came for a visit with the Prince of Wales, he donated some
money
that he had won in a card game from the prince. The kings last visit was in secret and
at
night. He was fleeing from defeat from the battle of Naseby and was heading north to
try
to enlist support from the Scots. John brought him secretly to Little Gidding and got
him
away the next day.

The community was now in much danger. The Presbyterian Puritans were now on the
rise
and the community was condemned with a series of pamphlets calling them an
"Arminian
Nunnery" (Ariminius was a Dutch reformer and theologian who opposed the Calvinist
doctrine of predestination and election)

In 1646 the community was forcibly broken up by Parliamentary soldiers. Their brass
baptismal font was damaged, cast into the pond and not recovered until 200 years
later.
The village remained in the Ferrar family but it was not until the 18th century that the
church was restored by another Nicholas Ferrar. Ferrar restored the church,
shortened the
nave by about 8 feet and built the "dull facade" that Eliot spoke of.


In the mid 19th century, William Hodgkinson came along and restored the church
more.
He installed the armorial stain glass windows, (4 windows with the arms of Ferrar,
Charles
the 1st and Bishop Williams inserted). He then put in a rose window at the east end
(this
rose window was later replaced by a Palladian-style plain glass window).
Hodgkinson
recovered the brass font, restored it and reinstalled it in the church. An elaborate 18th
century chandelier now hangs in the church, installed by Hodgkinson.







from _Little Gidding_ by T.S. Eliot

If you came this way,
Taking any route, starting from anywhere,
At any time or at any season,
It would always be the same: you would have to put off
Sense and notion. You are not here to verify,
Instruct yourself, or inform curiosity
Or carry report. You are here to kneel
Where prayer has been valid. And prayer is more
Than an order of words, the conscious occupation
Of the praying mind, or the sound of the voice praying.
And what the dead had no speech for, when living,
They can tell you, being dead: the communication
Of the dead is tongued with fire
beyond the language of the living.
Here, the intersection of the timeless moment
Is England and nowhere. Never and always.














Bibliography


Etherington & Roberts. Dictionary--Ferrar, Nicholas - Bookbinding and the
Conservation
of Books A Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology. Ferrar, Nicholas ( 1592-1637 )


Columbia Encyclopedia - Table Of Contents - Columbia Encyclopedia. F. Faber,
Frederick
William. Faber, Johannes. Fabian, Saint. Fabian Society. Fabius. Fabius, Laurent.
fable.
fabliau, plural...


Christian Biographies Commemorated in November - FOR THE FEAST OF ALL
SAINTS
(1 NOV) FIRST READING: Ecclesiasticus 44:1-10,13-14 ("Let us now praise famous
men...."; a commemoration of patriarchs,...


A History Of The Church In England, J.R.H.Moorman, Morehouse Publishing
copyright
1980


The Story Of Christianity, Justo L Gonzalez, Harper Collins Publishers copyright 1984


The Episcopal Church, David Locke Hippocrene Books, New York copyright 1991
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