Middle Ages (300 A.D.-1350 A.D.)

(East Asia)

- During 400-1200 A.D. Music and Dancing was very popular.

- In 453 A.D. Korean musicians and dancers were trained in Mainland East

Asia further enriched the sources of music in the courts and temples.

- As for 612 A.D. A Korean immigrant from Paekche, named Mimashi, had

begun teaching Gigaku (A foreign music and dance) to youths. (William P-Malm Page

285.)

- During the period 612-712 A.D. There were records of Ancient Matters.

There was a dance called Utagaki, where a group dances and sings performed before

sexual intercourse and related to tribal practices elsewhere in East Asia.

- During 697-707 A.D. After the fall of the Patriarchal System of

Government, the Emperor Mammu democratic edict, declared the throne of the

civilization rested on the people in which to wield power.

- In 752 A.D. Hundreds of musicians and dancers were assembled for

dedication of a Giant Buddhist Statue at the Todaiji Temple in Nara. This was an insight

into one of the most brillant periods of East Asia musical history.

- During 794-1185 A.D. Was the Heian period, where favorite pastimes in

the imperial court included poetry composition, music, indoor games, sports and seasonal

excursions of various kinds. There most favorite games were Go, Shori, and Tag, where

players' attempt to throw arrows into a jar. (Inoue Shun.)

- During 833-850 A.D. Dancing was very popular, dancers were performed

in pairs, usually one dance was performed with four males. Dancers were classified as left

and right. The left dancers were from China, Central Asia. And the right dancers were

from Korea. They were dressed in Bugaku, which are elaborate and richly colored

costumes.- In 926 A.D. The Kingdom of Parhce was conquered.

- In 936 A.D. Wang Keon (King T'Aejo)(The Posthumos title by which he is

known to history.) He attacked and easily subdued later Paekche, and Korea was once

again united.

- In 950 A.D. There was an exercise called Nembutsu, which was taught in

China. It was asserted itself as Pure land Movement. That was their primary religious

exercise. It was said to free performers' from wordly distractions, and it has also been

performed to pacify the spirit of the dead.

- During 1046-1083 A.D. This was the high point of Koryo, which is a city

in Korea, it was a high point in their society and culture. As for the approach of the 11th

Century, Woodblock Printing on paper began.

- During 1055-1101 A.D. The fourth son of King Murjong, Koryo Dynasty.

The founder of Ch'ont'ae sect.

- In 1185 A.D. At the end of the Heian period, Martial Arts (Then it was

called Bugei, Today it is called Budo.) was developed for the use in actual battle.

(Tomiki, Kenji.)

- Finally, During 1185-1330 A.D. Pastime active outdoor sports were

mounted Archery sports called Yabusame, which used three wooden targets.

- Both the rich and the poor, traditional sports and games were popular all

over South Asia as was it in East Asia. Hunting was also a big part in Asia. They did it

for pleasure. Hunting took place as first the King, then the Princes, next the Nobles, so on

in turn. Archery was to display their skill by shooting at different kinds of targets. The

catching and training of falcons was very important to the Indian rulers. Wrestling and

Polo were also known as traditional.

- As for the children, their way of sports was to have a circular metal hoop

with bent lengths of wire, and involving variations on the theme of throwing and catching

small pieces of stone either in their palm or on the back of their hand.

- I believe the most important moment of the Middle Ages, which was also

said to be was when hundreds of musicians and dancers were assembled in dedication of a

Giant Buddhist Statue at the Todaiji Temple in Nara. I also believe that the exercise

Nembutsu was very important because I believe it is used in today's modern exercises.

Only if the people from the Middle Ages can see for themselves how much Physical

activity has improved for men and woman.

Bibliography

Bibliography

- Brinkley F. Captain. " Japan (East Asia) Its History, Arts, and Literature." Oriental Series. Volume I, Chapter VI, " The Heian Epoch." Page 157. Copyright Date 1901.

- Brinkley F. Captain. " Japan (East Asia) Its History, Arts, and Literature." Oriental Series. Volume II-VIII. Copyright Date 1902.

- Keun Woo. Han. " The History Of Korea." Copyright Date 1970. Pages 123-192.

- Kodansha Hinto. " Kodansha Encyclopedia Of Japan (East Asia)." Volume IV. Pages 380-382. Volume V. Pages 118-120 and Pages 284-285. Copyright Date 1983.

- Trewartha Thomas. Glenn. " Japan, A Physical, Cultural, and Regional Gepgraphy." Copyright Date 1945.

- Yamamura Kozo. " The Cambridge History Of Japan(East Asia)." Volume III, Chapter IX, Pages 396-446. Copyright Date 1990.

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