Essay, Research Paper: Slavery-3

Slavery
Essay submitted by Unknown

"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are
endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life,
Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness" (Thomas Jefferson).

Slavery in America stems well back to when the new world was first discovered and
was led by the country to start the African Slave Trade- Portugal. The African Slave
Trade was first exploited for plantations in that is now called the Caribbean, and
eventually reached the southern coasts of America (Slavery Two; Milton Meltzer). The
African natives were of all ages and sexes. Women usually worked in the homes,
cooking and cleaning, whereas men were sent out into the plantations to farm. Young
girls would usually help in the house also and young boys would help in the farm by
bailing hay and loading wagons with crops.

Since trying to capture the native Indians, the Arawaks and Caribs, failed (Small-Pox
had killed them), the Europeans said out to capture African slaves.

They were shipped from Africa by the Europeans in what was called The Triangular
Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade. This was an organized route where Europeans would travel
to Africa bringing manufactured goods, capture Africans and take them to the
Caribbean, and then take the crops and goods and bring them back to Europe. The
African people, in order to communicate invented a language that was a mixture of all
the African languages combined, called Creole. This language now varies from island to
island. They also kept their culture which accounts for calypso music and the
instruments used in these songs.

Slavery was common all over the world until 1794 when France signed the Act of the
National Convention abolishing slavery. It would take America about a hundred years to
do the same (Slavery Two; Milton Meltzer).

George Washington was America's hero. He was America's first president. He was a
slave owner. He deplored slavery but did not release his slaves. His will stated that
they would be released after the death of his wife (The Volume Library; 1988).
Washington wasn't the only president to have slaves. Thomas Jefferson wrote, "All men
are created equal" but died leaving his blacks in slavery.

In 1775 black Americans were sent to fight in the revolutionary army. The British
proposed that if a black man was to join their army, they would be set free afterwards.
America originally planned not to let the blacks fight in the army, but when hearing this,
let them enlist. Only Georgia and South Carolina refused to let them enlist, but paid for
their racism when each lost 25,000 blacks to the British. The slaves returned on an
honorable discharge after securing America's freedom, but not their own (Software
Toolworks Encyclopedia; 1992).

Slavery continued and so did the numbers of slaves trying to escape to the free states
or into Canada. A runaway slave would be found by bloodhounds, trained to find black
slaves. Then the slave, upon returning, would be executed or severely whipped.

The "Underground Railroad" was a project that helped black slaves escape into Canada,
especially Amherstburg. The system involved 3,000 white helpers and freed an
estimated 75,000 people after the civil war.

Slavery in the middle of the 1800's was abolished except for the rebellion states in the
south. In 1863, the Emancipation Proclamation was issued which made slavery illegal in
the states that had rebelled and allowed black slaves to serve in the army and get
other jobs, or continue to work on the plantations, as employees making money.

The nightmare of slavery was over but a new one was to begin. One that was worse
for it was prevalent but was secret and silent. One that exists today. One that does
not shrink but rather grows. Racism was and is upon us.


"I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will
not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character" (Martin
Luther King Jr.)

Ku Klux Klan. Neo Nazis. The Aryan Nations. The American Nazi Party. What are these
groups? Why are they present in a land of supposed equality of all men? They are there
because there are millions of Americans that believe in their message of white pride.

The African American population is growing and Americans are now a mixed group of
people. Black people are white people's neighbors, doctors, friends. With a growing
unity between the two races, why does racism continue? The answer is simple. Racists
from many years ago raise their kids in clans and white supremacy groups and teach
them the ways of hatred. These kids grow up "brain-washed" that black people are
their enemies and, taught by example, will continue this trend (The Volume Library;
1988).

The Ku Klux Klan has been around since the end of the civil war. It is a roller coaster of
a history. From extreme power, to rapid decline, and slow reemergence (Software
Toolworks Encyclopedia; 1992). The clan, who is notorious for its violence, has a
relatively innocent beginning. It was formed from some veterans from the confederate
army and was first called the Kuklos Clan which, in Greek, meant Circle Clan. One
person thought it would be a good idea to call it the "Ku Klux Klan" as a parody of the
fraternity names which always had three Greek alphabet letters in it. They created the
Clan to be mischievous and to do it without anyone knowing who they were which
accounts for their costumes and masks. They, like most whites, were upset that the
black people were free because black people were a constant reminder of the bitter
defeat of the South. So to have fun they terrorized black people. Eventually the group
grew, fluctuating, but grew to become the first white supremacy group in America and
with that growth, their hatred grew as well into what was seen in the early and middle
1900's and what is seen today.

Along with the KKK, other anti-black, pro-white groups formed and stemmed out all
over the U.S.A. The Neo Nazis who are more commonly know by the term "Skin Heads",
are a growing force in hate groups. There hatred of Hispanics, Jews, Blacks, and others
are now the fastest growing force in America. The Skin Head movement is usually done
by the younger kids. These kids are drawn to the Aryan Nations and Neo Nazis by the
promise of free drugs, free booze, heavy metal music, ultimate freedom and rebellion. A
lot of these kids stay because of family troubles at home and, like in a gang, feel like
they have a family with the group and feel loved. "The skinheads are a family... A lot of
us don't have what you'd call a home" commented Joshua, who is a 16 year old
recruiter in California (United They Hate; Michael Kronenwetter).

The race war was in full force by the 1960's. With the growth of white supremacy and
their groups, black too had a weapon. Martin Luther King Jr. lead his people to march in
Washington to end segregation and to form black unity for an equal and better
America. Malcolm X, who was a Muslim, may have come from a different religion than
his Christian counterpart, but had a very similar message and a similar fate. Both were
assassinated.

Today the hate groups of America have spread into Canada and are particularly
common in Manitoba. The major sects are of the same name as their American cousins
with a very similar message.

Racism, despite much opposition, will never end. As long as there is fighting among a
Jew and a Palestinian or hatred between a white and a black, Racism will be there. Only
a utopian society can achieve such a dream. It is in human nature to have a few
people that do not understand or possibly hate those who are different but, in fact, we
are not different, we are judgmental and we are discriminatory, we segregate. We are
unique individuals but among races we are equal and the same.