Essay, Research Paper: Four Theories Of Myth

There are four basic theories of myth. Those theories are: the rational myth
theory, functional myth theory, structural myth theory, and the phsycological myth theory.
The rational myth theory states that myths were created to explain natural events and
forces. Functional myths are what you call the kinds of myths that were created as a
type of social control. The third myth theory is the structural myth theory. This theory says
that myths were patterned after human mind and human nature. The phsycological myth
theory is the fourth myth theory which states that myths are based on human emotion.

The rational myth theory states that myths were made to better understand natural
events and forces that occurred in the everyday lives of people. This theory also explains
that the gods and goddesses controlled all of these happenings of nature. Examples of
this type of myth are creation myths from different cultures. Creation myths explain how
man was created and explain what the gods and goddesses used and what actions they
took to create humans. These myths also tell what substances were used (if any) in order
for man to exist. The existence of man is a natural event but creation myths give other
explanations.

The functional myth theory talks about how myths were used to teach morality
and social behavior. It states that myths told about what types of things should and
shouldn't be done, and the consequences for those wrong doings. The functional myth
theory also states that myths were created for social control and served the function of
insuring stability in a society. A story about a tribe who rebelled against the great
serpent, Degei, is a good example of a functional myth. This story is about a tribe who
learned many skills from their great serpent god, Degei, and then became Degei's
workers and servants. Two chiefs of this tribe were sick of working for him and tried to
defeat him; they were too weak for Degei. Instead of winning their freedom, they were
killed in a great flood caused by Degei. This myth is trying to say that you should not be
lazy because if you are, then you will regret it.

Structural myths are said to be myths based on human emotion. These types of
myths show the two sides of the human mind; the good side and the bad side. They
show the divided self and the duality of human nature. Myths about Hercules show how
the human mind can be both good and bad. Hercules did both good and bad things.
One of the bad things he did was (in "Jason and the Argonauts"�) he stole a broach pin
from the treasure chamber of the god Talos. This sin caused his friend to be killed.
Hercules knew that his friend was killed because of his sin, so to make up for it, he
vowed to stay on the island until his friend was found.

The phsycological myth theory states how myths are based on human emotion
and that they come from the human subconscious mind. Cultures all around the world
had similar fears, questions, and wishes which, to them, were unexplainable. That is the
reason that phsycological myths were made; and that is why there are archetypes
shared between cultures. Archetypes are general forms and characters used by all
cultures. Some archetypes found between cultures are having a sky god (Zeus and
Oleron),a sea god (Poseidon and Olokun), and an agricultural god (Orisha-Oko and
Demeter). These archetypes are examples of how people think alike when it comes to
things that are to them mysteries and fears.

In conclusion, it appears that man created myths for quite a few reasons. These
reasons include explaining the unknown, natural events and forces, to show the duality
and pureness of human nature and the human mind, and to help societies maintain order
and remain stable. There must be more reasons of exactly why myths should have arisen
but that is beyond the extent of this essay.